THE OVARIES: They are two, of white pearly color and the size of an almond, located one to each side of the uterus. Its function is to produce an ovule a month, as well as, also in charge of producing two hormones (the estrogen and the progesterone), responsible of the reproductive process and the secondary sexual characteristics. The ovaries are joined in the superior part of the uterus through narrow and flexible tubes known as Fallopian Tubes.
THE FALLOPIAN TUBES: They are the right and left ducts which are in charge of transporting the ovule to the uterus. In the exterior third of the Fallopian Tubes is produced the meeting of the ovule with the spermatozoid, called fertilization.
THE UTERUS: The uterus is a muscular and hollow organ in the shape of an inverted pear where the egg is nested, grows up, develops and transforms in fetus. Its function is to house, protect and feed the fetus during the pregnancy and expelled it to the term of nine months. It obtains the first thanks to its mucous, the endometrium, which in absence of pregnancy, come off causing the menstruation.
THE VAGINA: It’s a tubular canal that is extended from the uterine cervix to the vulva and it’s formed by muscular smooth tissue, covered by a mucous membrane disposed in folds that give to this organ a great elasticity. The vagina is rich in lubricant secretions to make easy the penetration of the penis during the sexual union. This is the canal by where is come off the fetus and pass the menstrual flow.
Besides the genital external organs, the woman has genital internal organs: the vulva, the hymen and the clitoris.
THE VULVA: It’s constituted by: A) The major lips, which form the most extern part of the vulva. Generally, they covered completely the genital external organs and their surface is covered by the pubic hair. They are formed by adipose tissue and have sebaceous glands and nervous completions. B) The minor lips, which recover the entrance of the vagina. The minor lips are folds of skin very delicate; they have more nervous completions than the major lips and also more sebaceous glands.
THE HYMEN: The hymen is the adipose soft tissue which covers the pubic sinfisis (union of the pubic bones) that acts as shock absorber during the sexual relationship and gives pleasant feelings when is pressed.
THE CLITORIS: The clitoris is the erectile organ comparable to the penis, highly sensitive by touch.

THE FEMININE REPRODUCTIVE APPARATUS:
With the beginning of the menstruation (menarche), the reproductive functions allow that the majority of women can be pregnant and give birth. But now, approximately at the age of 50, the woman’s ovaries stop producing estrogens, finishing like this the stage of the reproductive aptitude.
Generally, women suffer the same illnesses as men; however, there are some that are occurred more frequently or exclusively in women. Of course, there are diseases like hemophilia, which women don’t suffer, due to being an exclusive illness of men.

FEMININE SEXUAL CYCLE:
The menstrual cycle is the process through which are developed the ovules or ovocytes, producing this way a series of changes directed to the establishment of a possible pregnancy. The beginning of this cycle is defined as the first day of menstruation.

MENARCHE:
It’s named this way to the first menstruation; first vaginal bleeding of menstrual origin or first menstrual hemorrhage of the woman; main psychological marker of the transition of the childhood to the adult age. Normally girls start to menstruate between 8 to 15 years old, being the average age the 11 to 13 years, although some young girls start to menstruate at the early age of 9 or 10 years. The menarche doesn’t appear until all parts of the reproductive apparatus of the girl have grown up and being working on the whole; what indicates the beginning of the reproductive capacity. From the social, psychological and gynecological perspectives, it’s considerate as the central event of the feminine puberty, signal of possibility of fertility. The menarche is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, especially of nutritional and psychological nature. Subsequently, it’s used to go before in one or two years to the menarche, a known feature as Thelarche, consisting of the increase of the breasts and the corporal size.
During this stage, there are some psychological aspects that are presented in all young, like: Presence of sufficient corporal mass (typically 17% of corporal fat); Disinhibition of the GnRH (generator of pulses in the bend nucleus of the hypothalamus); Secretion of estrogen by the ovary in response to the pituitary hormones; on the interval of about 2 to 3 years, the estrogens stimulate the growth of the uterus (as well as the height, the development of the breasts, the expansion of the pelvis, and the regional increase of adipose tissue); the estrogens stimulate the growth and the vascularization of the endometrium (interior of the uterus); the fluctuations of the hormonal levels can result in changes in the adaptation of the blood supply to parts of the endometrium; and, the necrosis of any endometrial tissue by these hormones or by blood fluctuations lead the detachment of the endometrium tissue by hemorrhages going out for the vagina.

DISORDERS OF THE MENSTRUATION:
The menstruation is part of the normal menstrual cycle in a healthy woman in fertile age. The menstrual cycle lasts some 28 days, although it’s considered normal also between the 21 to 35 days. It starts the first day of bleeding (what we understand as “ruler”) and ends the day before to the next menstruation.
A) SYMPTOMS:
When women start to be familiar with the menstruation, they learn to distinguish, although it’s vaguely, the signs of each phase of the menstrual cycle. The symptoms can vary, depending on the menstrual cycle.

1) In the phase of Pre-Ovulation (later days to the menstruation):
You have the sensation of fullness, of renewed energies and strength.
2) During the phase of Ovulation (one or two weeks after the menstruation):
It’s frequent to experience a sharp pain in one side of the lower part of the abdomen and a raise of the vaginal secretion, or flow.
3) The phase of Pos-Ovulation (some days before the menstruation):
It’s the most prolix phase in physical changes and also psychic, up to the point that some women can suffer of premenstrual syndrome. Here the most common symptoms are a feeling of sadness and melancholy, lack of concentration, swelling in the under belly and increase of the fat in the skin and hairs.
4) In the menstruation or bleeding:
The hemorrhage is the main characteristic that can last between 3 and 7 days. The quantity of lost flow varies depending on each woman, although the measurement of lost bleeding is equivalent to the volume of a cup of tea. The 90 percent is expelled during the first 3 days of menstruation. Other symptoms proper of this phase are: Pains in the under belly (similar to the stomach cramps), pain in the back and in the legs, sickness, nauseas and vomitings and diarrhea.

WOMAN’S DISEASES:
The principal woman’s diseases are the premenstrual syndrome; the menstrual cycles (painful menstruation or dysmenorrhea); irregular menstruation; amenorrhea; very abundant menstruations, excessive menstrual bleeding (metrorrhagia, menorrhage); pelvic inflammatory illness (salpingitis); cysts in the ovaries; uterine fibroids. These diseases occur generally in the fertile age of the woman, sometimes occur by genetic heredity, by a stressful life, have little physical activity and have a pelvic inflammation. The abdominal inflammation is used to be accompanied by a swelling in the ankles and in the fingers.