Glucemy is the interval of 60 - 110 and diabetes when it’s higher than 126 during fasting or 200 at any time of the day.

A)  Hipoglucemy:

It’s the name that is given to the situation in which the concentration of glucose in the blood (glucemy) is lower than usual (60 mg/dl).  It develops more frequently in people who are insulin treatment or hipo-glucemiantes medicines to treat diabetes. The diabetic persons suffer from hipocglucemy ocasionally; is a part of the existencial problematic in diabetics.  When the hipoglucemy appears a lack of energy occurs in the organism.
Hipoglucemy, that in general is a reaction to the insulin, it can even appear in occasions in which we do everything possible to control diabetes. Therefore, even though we can’t help it many times, it is posible to treat hipoglucemy before it worsens; so, so it is important to know what hipoglucemy is, which are the symptoms and how to treat it.

1)  Causes of Hipoglucemy:
-     Hipoglucemy can appear due to different causes.  In healthy people (non diabetics) it usually is consequence of a very long fasting due to the fact that the organism keeps using glucose once there is not enough glucen in the liver to produce it.  It also appears in cases of hepatic upheavals and it is linked to the excessive consume of alcohol.
In people who suffer from diabetes mellitus is very usual.  In this case, is usually due to a  failure in the administration of exogen insulin or anti-diabetic oral medicines.  If they are administrated when the patient has not eaten enough food, the glucose levels might lower down until a severe hipoglucemy is produced.  In this kind of patients it can also be produced by excessive exercise due to a poor food ingestion, because physical activity promotes the use of glucose through the tissues.

1. Insulin dose or hipo-glucemiantes to high.
2. To skip meals.

2)  Hipglucemy Symptoms:
The symptoms vary from one person to another, but the most common are shaky hands and feet, cramps and fatigue; usually a cold transpiration and hunger appear.  The skin turns pale and the person get nervous attacks, bad mood and blurry vision.  If hipoglucemy is not corrected, other symptoms will appear like headaches, confusion, cramp sensation on the mouth, difficulty when walking, nauseas, tachycardia, etc.  To close relatives, the diabetic who reacts to insulin, often seems confused, rude, non-cooperative and with very poor motor coordination; it would seem as if they were intoxicated.  In extreme cases, there are blackouts, convulsions, diabetic comma and even death (insulin shock).
a)  Treatment:
In almost all cases, the ingestión of a sugar lump will relieve the person during 10 or 15 minutes. The symptoms will go away also by drinking a glass of pure orange juice (no water, just orange juice), a warm beverage that contains sugar, a chocolate or a piece of cake.  If the symptoms don’t go away soon, more sweet food must be eaten.  When the symptoms have disappeared completely, the patient must eat once again to prevent a relapse.  The reactions to insulin, are usually similar to panic attacks.
Analysing the sugar in the blood before each food will help determine if it’s about an insulin reaction or if it’s just anxiety that’s causing the symptoms.
During the injection or consumption of insulin pills there must be a sincronization between the foods and beverages in order to balance the effects of the insulin in the organism.  In these cases, is good to eat during regular intervals during the day to avoid hipoglucemy.  To consume appetizers during the day also helps (fruits and veggies).  If you don’t do this, your glucose level (sugar) in the blood will go down and the levels of insulin will go up (which is not good at all).
In your daily feeding, you must consider some foods with garlic, because diabetes produces potassium insufficiency (garlic contains potassium); also zinc insufficiency (garlic also has zinc, which is one of the components of insulin) and lack of magnesium (also found in garlic, which helps eliminate the excess of sugar in blood).  Also onion must be considered for its magnesium content.
For the insulin shock, the treatment will be the immediate administration of glucose or glucagón.  To avoid relapses, it is recommended to change the nutrition habits of the patient so that there is available and enough glucose in the blood during the whole day.  Reduced  and frequent meals are recommended, that include carbon hydrates of slow absorption and digestoin.  The consume of alcohol must be forbidden and fast absorption sugars.

 

B) Hyperglucemy:
Hyperglucemy is the technic term that we use to refer to high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood.  High levels of glucemy appears when the organism doesn’t count with enough amount of insulin or when the amount of insulin is very poor.  Hyperglucemy also appears when the organism can not use the insulin properly.
During fasts, the glucose in the blood of the patient must not exceed from 105 mg/dl.  To keep high levels of glucose in the blood during a long time will worsen the situation of the person day by day, immediate action must be taken for this not to happen.
All diabetic persons suffer from hyperglucemy every once in a while, but it is good to treat it immediately, because it can be a serious problem.  Hyperglucemy constitues one of the princicapal causes of many complications that diabetics present. For this reason, it is important for them to know what hyperglucemy is, what are the symptoms and how to treat it.
There are a lot of things that can cause hyperglucemy.  For example, if you suffer from diabetes type I, maybe you haven’t injected the enough amount of insulin.  If you suffer from diabetes type II, maybe your organism does count with the enough amount of insulin, but it is not as efficient as it should be.  The problem may be because you ate more than usual or because the physical activity was not enough.  Stress can provoke illnesses too, for example, a cold or the flu could be one of the causes.  Othe kind of stress, such as family problems, problems in school or problems with your other half, also could cause hyperglucemy. Also, some illnesses like, flu, pneumonia, urinary or dental infection, abscesses; cirguries;  accidents (traumatism, burns); emotional tention; the use of corticoids.
Hyperglucemy can can complicate with the aparition of cetonicos bodies in the blood (cetoácidosis); especially when hyperglucemy is over 250 mg /dl.

1)  Symptoms:
The sings or symptoms include:

1. High levels of sugar in the blood.
2. High levels of sugar in the urine, exessive thirst and frequent necessity to urinate.
3. Weight loss.
4. Blurry vision.

To measure the levels of sugar in the blood frequently, is one of the steps you can take to keep normal leves in your blood.  Ask your doctor how often you should controle it and what are the exact ammounts of insulin to be administrated.
To prevent other symptoms of hyperglucemy, it is nevessary to control the high levels of sugar in the blood, immediately.  It is important to treat it as soon it is detected.  If you don’t do this, you can suffer from an infection called cetoacidosis, commonly called diabetic comma.

2)  Treatment:
Generally, the physical activity helps diminish the glucemy levels.  However, if the sugar level is higher than 240 mg/dl, it is necessary to control the urine to detect cetonas.  In case of presenting cetonas in the urin, do not make any kind of physical activity.
If cetonas are found in your urine, and you still do physical activity, the level of sugar in the blood can increase considerably.  It is important for you to talk to your doctor to find the safest way to diminish the levels of glucose in your blood.
Maybe it could be useful to reduce the usual amount of food you eat.  Consult with your nutritionist to make modifications in your diet.  If the physical activity and the modifications in diet show no results, maybe your doctor will change the doses of your medicines or insulin that you are consuming.
3)  Prevention:
The best option is to have a good control of diabetes.  The key is to learn to detect and treat the hyperglucemy on time, before the situation worsens.

C)  DIABETIC COMMA:
It’s an inconscious state due to excessive acides (acidosis), which can cause a lack of potassium in the organism and because of this, the patient can reach an inconscious state.  This is known as diabetic comma.  The diabetic comma (cetoacidosis) develops when the organism doesn’t count with enough amount of insulin.  Without insulin, the organism can not use the glucose as fuel or source of energy.  Therefore, the organism dicomposes the fats (lipids) to use them as fuel or source of energy.

When the organism dicomposes the fats, residual products called acetonas appear. The organism does not tolerate big amounts of cetonas, and tries to eliminate them through the urine. Unfortunately, the organism can’t get rid of all the cetonas and therefore, they accumulate in the blood. As a result, the patient can suffer from cetoacidosis. Cetoacidosis can lead to death, so it requieres immediate treatment. The symptoms include: difficulty when breathing, sweet-smelling fruity breath , nauseas and vomits,  and a very dry mouth.  Ask your doctor how to handle this situation.